Speaker
Description
First Name: Miho
Last Name: Janvier
Affiliation: European Space Agency
All Authors: Miho Janvier, Eric Buchlin, Slimane Mzerguat, Wafa Mouici, Syrus Michael
Abstract: We explore throughout several works how sulfur composition evolves within different solar regions and what these variations reveal about the physical processes operating between the chromosphere and the corona. A dedicated tool, SAFFRON (Mzerguat et al,. 2025), was designed and optimized for the SPICE spectrometer aboard Solar Orbiter, providing an automated framework for noise reduction, spectral fitting, and composition diagnostics through the Linear Combination Ratio method. This tool was applied to a variety of Solar Orbiter/SPICE observations, with a specific focus on sulfur as a mid-FIP element to investigate how its behavior constrains fractionation models. Together, these studies provide a coherent picture of the FIP bias across different solar environments: sulfur is seen to fractionate in a coronal hole plume, as well as the boundaries of active regions where the expansion rate is compared with how much fractionation is found. Finally, regions of sulfur fractionation are compared with the connectivity of a strong SEP event. Overall, these studies show that the peculiar behaviour of sulfur as a mid-FIP element can serve not only as a constraint on the models of fractionation in the Sun’s atmosphere, but also as a tracer of the Sun’s variability from the corona to the solar wind.