Speaker
Description
First Name: Erika
Last Name: Palmerio
Email Address: epalmerio@predsci.com
Affiliation: Predictive Science Inc.
All Authors: Erika Palmerio, Cooper Downs, Ronald M. Caplan, Phillip Hess, Robin C. Colaninno, Abril Sahade, Cecilia Mac Cormack
Abstract: Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) have traditionally been investigated through two distinct observational regimes: in the solar corona through remote-sensing imagery and in interplanetary space through in-situ measurements. Since the launches of Parker Solar Probe in 2018 and Solar Orbiter in 2020, this long-standing division has become increasingly blurred. Parker Solar Probe has recorded several CMEs in situ within the corona while simultaneously imaging the surrounding environment, whereas Solar Orbiter has begun delivering the first high-resolution views of the inner heliosphere from inside 1 au—and more recently from out of the ecliptic plane. These instruments provide unprecedented views of the corona and inner heliosphere, capturing CME evolution at different stages from their eruption through their interplanetary journey. At the same time, the growing fleet of heliophysics missions increases the likelihood of multi-spacecraft observations of individual CME events, but also introduces new challenges in synthesising diverse measurements across platforms, distances, and vantage points. To address these challenges, we employ global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations with the CORHEL model to provide physical context for interpreting complex, multi-modal, and multi-spacecraft observations. These simulations allow CMEs to be followed self-consistently from their solar initiation through their heliospheric evolution, filling observational gaps and enabling direct comparisons with both remote-sensing and in-situ signatures. Beyond the advantages of analysing full 3D distributions of magnetic field and plasma parameters, an important component of our approach is the generation of synthetic observables designed to mimic real measurements. These include synthetic EUV/X-ray emission, white-light coronagraph/heliospheric imaging, and in situ time series that replicate the fields of view and data characteristics of existing instruments. We demonstrate how such simulation-based observables, combined with global MHD modelling, help disentangle line-of-sight effects, connect remote-sensing and in-situ signatures, and provide a unified context for interpreting multi-spacecraft observations of CMEs throughout the corona and inner heliosphere.