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Description
In a prototypical two-dimensional antiparallel reconnection geometry, we experimentally verify a well- known Petshek-type reconnection layer of double wedge structure and explained by two-fluid dynamics. In a two-fluid reconnection layer, as electrons and ions move into the reconnection layer with different paths, the magnetized electrons penetrate deep into the reconnection layer generating a strong potential well in the diffusion region. The shape of the well expands towards the exit of exhaust region [1].
Recently we have identified a sharp current layer develops at the separatrix region generating abrupt changes of magnetic field vectors [2]. Magnetic field energy is converted to electric field potential energy through the motion of magnetized electrons in the background of non-magnetized ions. While some of the magnetic energy is deposited to the electrons in the electron-diffusion layer, ions gain substantial energy through electrostatic acceleration across the potential well in the broader ion diffusion region. The Petschek-type double shock structure [3] is formed and can be explained by the two-fluid dynamics of the reconnection layer around the electron diffusion region.
[1] M. Yamada et al, Phys. Plasmas 23, 055402 (2016)
[2] J. Yoo and M. Yamada, to be published (2024)
[3] D, Uzdensky and R. Kulsrud, Phys. Plasmas, 7(10) 4018
